What are the primary types of developmental disabilities?

The primary types of developmental disabilities include intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, and learning disabilities. These conditions are characterized by impairments in various areas of development, including cognitive functions, communication, motor skills, and social interaction.

Intellectual disabilities are marked by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. This affects a person's ability to learn and to adapt to everyday life demands. Autism spectrum disorders encompass a range of conditions that affect social skills, communication, and behavior. Cerebral palsy refers to a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by abnormal brain development or damage. Learning disabilities are specific neurological conditions that affect a person's ability to process information, leading to difficulties in specific academic areas despite having normal intelligence levels.

The other options refer to conditions that may overlap with developmental disabilities but do not represent the primary categories recognized within this field. For example, speech disorders and sensory processing disorders are important, but they are often considered as part of broader developmental or communication disorders rather than standalone categories on par with those listed in the correct answer. Similarly, emotional disturbances and behavioral disorders, while significant, are typically related to mental health rather than being classified solely as developmental disabilities.